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NCEO Synthesis Reports: Varied Opinions on How to Report Accommodated Test Scores: Findings Based on CTB/McGraw-Hill's Framework for Classifying Accommodations (#49)This year 2003 report outlines the challenges of state education agencies determining the most appropriate way to report test scores of students receiving accommodations. These three ways are to (1) report all scores in the aggregate (i.e., do not differentiate between accommodated and non-accommodated test scores), (2) report accommodated scores separately, and (3) report accommodated scores both in the aggregate as well as separately. These approaches reflect different beliefs on how accommodations influence test scores, and the perceived need for future accommodations research. Survey results include perceptions held by people familiar with policy or research on the way in which test scores are influenced by accommodations and how scores obtained under accommodated conditions are to be treated in reporting. The results show that the extent of agreement about how accommodated scores should be treated depends on the accommodation. The study also shows how deep-seated beliefs lead some respondents to consider almost no accommodation as changing the construct, whereas other respondents consider almost all accommodations as influencing the construct being measured.
Published: April 2003- Accommodations Toolkit: Magnification: States’ Accessibility Policies, 2023Formats: Online
This summary of states’ accessibility policies for magnification is part of the Accommodations Toolkit published by the National Center on Educational Outcomes (NCEO).
Published: 3/5/2024 - Accommodations Toolkit: Familiar Proctor/Test Administrator: States’ Accessibility Policies, 2023Formats: Online
This summary of states’ accessibility policies for familiar proctor/test administrator is part of the Accommodations Toolkit published by the National Center on Educational Outcomes (NCEO).
Published: 3/5/2024 - Accommodations Toolkit: Extended Time: States' Accessibility Policies, 2023Formats: Online
This summary of states’ accessibility policies for extended time is part of the Accommodations Toolkit published by the National Center on Educational Outcomes (NCEO).
Published: 3/5/2024 - Accommodations Toolkit: Color Contrast: States’ Accessibility Policies, 2023Formats: Online
This summary of states’ accessibility policies for color contrast is part of the Accommodations Toolkit published by the National Center on Educational Outcomes (NCEO).
Published: 1/18/2024 - Accommodations Toolkit: Calculator: States' Accessibility Policies, 2023Formats: Online
This summary of states’ accessibility policies for calculator is part of the Accommodations Toolkit published by the National Center on Educational Outcomes (NCEO).
Published: 1/18/2024 - Accommodations Toolkit: Assistive Technology: States’ Accessibility Policies, 2023Formats: Online
This summary of states’ accessibility policies for assistive technology is part of the Accommodations Toolkit published by the National Center on Educational Outcomes (NCEO).
Published: 1/18/2024 - Accommodations Toolkit: Screen Reader: States’ Accessibility Policies, 2023Formats: Online
This summary of states accessibility policies for screen reader is part of the Accommodations Toolkit published by the National Center on Educational Outcomes (NCEO).
Published: 11/8/2023 - Accommodations Toolkit: Color Contrast: States’ Accessibility Policies, 2022Formats: Online
This summary of states’ accessibility policies for color contrast is part of the Accommodations Toolkit published by the National Center on Educational Outcomes (NCEO).
Published: 10/18/2022 - Accommodations Toolkit: Spell Check: States’ Accessibility Policies, 2022Formats: Online
This summary of states’ accessibility policies for spell check is part of the Accommodations Toolkit published by the National Center on Educational Outcomes (NCEO).
Published: 10/18/2022 - Accommodations Toolkit: Assistive Technology: States’ Accessibility Policies, 2022Formats: Online
This summary of states’ accessibility policies for assistive technology is part of the Accommodations Toolkit published by the National Center on Educational Outcomes (NCEO).
Published: 10/18/2022 - Accommodations Toolkit: Paper Format: States’ Accessibility Policies, 2022Formats: Online
This summary of states’ accessibility policies for paper format is part of the Accommodations Toolkit published by the National Center on Educational Outcomes (NCEO).
Published: 10/18/2022 - Accommodations Toolkit: Magnification: States’ Accessibility Policies, 2022Formats: Online
This summary of states’ accessibility policies for magnification is part of the Accommodations Toolkit published by the National Center on Educational Outcomes (NCEO).
Published: 6/8/2022 - Accommodations Toolkit: Large Print: States’ Accessibility Policies, 2022Formats: Online
This summary of states’ accessibility policies for large print is part of the Accommodations Toolkit published by the National Center on Educational Outcomes (NCEO).
Published: 6/8/2022 - NCEO Participation Communication Toolkit: Customizable Participation Communication Toolkit IEP Team Discussion GuideFormats: Word
This discussion guide for IEP teams is designed to provide information about the different test options for students with disabilities, and the implications of those decisions. This resource also explains why it is so important that students with disabilities participate in state testing. The tool may be customized by a state, district, or school. The discussion guide is part of the Participation Communication Toolkit developed by the National Center on Educational Outcomes (NCEO) to identify and describe reasons why all students, including students with disabilities, English learners, and English learners with disabilities should take state tests.
Published: 2021-11-11 - NCEO Reports: A Summary of the Research on the Effects of K–12 Test Accommodations: 2024 (#453)Formats: Online
This report summarizes research on testing accommodations for K–12 students with disabilities from 2024. The data shows a clear move toward qualitative studies of how schools use these tools, and what stakeholders think of them. This is a change from previous studies that only looked at test scores. Extended time is still the most common support. Other frequent topics include special settings and read-aloud tools. While math and middle school are the main focus, more studies now come from dissertations. This review provides key facts for experts who want to improve student support and testing.
Published: February 2026 - NCEO Brief: Avoiding Unintended Consequences of Improved Accessibility of State Tests (#35)
There has been a paradigm shift from accommodations to the identification of levels of accessibility (e.g., universal features, designated features, and accommodations). A consequence of this shift is that many students with disabilities who previously were assigned accommodations now access many of them as universal or designated features. This Brief highlights what states and IEP teams can do to avoid possible unintended consequences of the paradigm shift.
Published: May 2024 - Accommodations Toolkit: Braille: States’ Accessibility Policies, 2023Formats: Online
This summary of states’ accessibility policies for braille is part of the Accommodations Toolkit published by the National Center on Educational Outcomes (NCEO).
Published: 2/29/2024 - Accommodations Toolkit: Clarify/Simplify/Repeat Directions: States' Accessibility Policies, 2023Formats: Online
This summary of states’ accessibility policies for clarify/simplify/repeat directions is part of the Accommodations Toolkit published by the National Center on Educational Outcomes (NCEO).
Published: 1/18/2024 - Accommodations Toolkit: Signed Administration: States’ Accessibility Policies, 2022Formats: Online
This summary of states’ accessibility policies for signed administration is part of the Accommodations Toolkit published by the National Center on Educational Outcomes (NCEO).
Published: 6/8/2022