Elliott, S. N. (1999, June). Valid testing accommodations: Fundamental assumptions and methods for collecting validity evidence [Paper presentation]. Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO) National Conference on Large-Scale Assessment, Snowbird, UT, United States.

This paper provides a background on testing accommodations and test validity, and illustrates through several metaphors how accommodations are intended to work. Recommendations for making decisions about the validity of testing accommodations are also provided. [See also Elliott & McKevitt (2000)]