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  • NCEO State Surveys: 2001 State Special Education Outcomes - A Report on State Activities at the Beginning of a New Decade
    Formats: Online, PDF

    This year 2001 report summarizes a survey given to all states that addresses participation and performance of students with disabilities in statewide assessments and the first year of administering alternate assessments and including the results in accountability systems. The report is intended to help states view their own progress.

    Published: June 2001
  • NCEO Out-of-Level Testing Project Reports: Past and Present Understandings of Out-of-Level Testing: A Research Synthesis (#1)
    Formats: Online

    This year 2000 report reviews the historical development for out-of-level testing, summarizes how the literature defines out-of-level testing, explains how it has been studied, gives the rationale used to support its use, and addresses what is missing from the literature.

    Published: May 2000
  • NCEO Minnesota Assessment Project Reports: Unintended Consequences of the Minnesota Basic Standards Tests: Do the Data Answer the Questions Yet? (#23)
    Formats: Online

    This year 2000 report presents a literature review on the effects of statewide testing policies on the education of students with and without disabilities to examine whether the perception of increased referrals for special education assessments or 504 Accommodation Plans at the local level was present in published research.

    Published: January 2000
  • NCEO Minnesota Assessment Project Reports: Feasibility and Practicality of a Decision Making Tool for Standards Testing of Students with Limited English Proficiency (#22)
    Formats: Online

    This year 1999 report describes a decision-making tool to provide educators of English learner and bilingual students with the most current participation and test accommodation guidelines for informed decisions. The report describes the tool and reports on the results of a study examining the tool's feasibility.

    Published: December 1999
  • NCEO Minnesota Assessment Project Reports: Participation and Performance of Students from non-English Language Backgrounds: Minnesota's 1996 Basic Standards Tests in Reading and Math (#17)
    Formats: Online

    This year 1999 report summarizes the participation and performance of students from non-English language backgrounds taking the Minnesota Basic Standards Tests in Reading and Math for 1996.

    Published: January 1999
  • NCEO Policy Directions: Providing Assessment Accommodations for Students with Disabilities in State and District Assessments (#7)
    Formats: Online

    This year 1997 report identifies issues to address in facilitating the provision of appropriate accommodations in state and district assessments. Issues focus on defining assessment accommodations, what types are available, who has input on their use, when they are used, how they affect results, and principles to guide decisions. The report ends with brief recommendations.

    Published: June 1997
  • NCEO Minnesota Assessment Project Reports: Cambodian, Hmong, Lao, Spanish-Speaking, and Vietnamese Parents and Students Speak Out on Minnesota's Basic Standards Tests (#12)
    Formats: Online

    This year 1997 report summarizes focus groups conducted on English learner participation in Minnesota's Basic Standards Tests involving English learners and their parents from the following language groups: Cambodian, Hmong, Lao, Spanish, and Vietnamese.

    Published: May 1997
  • NCEO Policy Directions: Increasing the Participation of Students with Disabilities in State and District Assessments (#6)
    Formats: Online

    This year 1997 report identifies considerations for increasing the participation of students with disabilities in state and district assessments. These include clarifying who should participate in these assessments, what principles should guide decisions about who participates, and how these considerations apply to graduation exams. The report ends with recommendations with steps to follow for aligning the principles to accountability systems.

    Published: May 1997
  • NCEO Policy Directions: Educational Accountability for Students with Disabilities (#3)
    Formats: Online

    This year 1994 report outlines steps that educators can take towards a new and inclusive accountability system with consistent procedures for all students, including students with disabilities. These steps include considering alternative approaches to accountability, ensuring educators have data needed to demonstrate that education is working for students with disabilities, and ways to overcome potential barriers to obtaining these data. The report concludes with specific recommendations.

    Published: November 1994
  • NCEO Synthesis Reports: Opportunity-to-Learn Standards (#14)
    Formats: PDF

    This report provides an overview of the use of the term "Opportunity to learn (OTL) standards in recent (1994) legislation, alternative perspectives on OTL standards, and state practices in the implementation of OTL standards. We examine how students with disabilities are treated in discussion of OTL standards, how people propose to measure OTL, and major issues surrounding the concept of OTL standards. Implications for students with disabilities are discussed, and we conclude with several recommendations.

    Published: July 1994
  • NCEO Policy Directions: Guidelines for Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in Large-Scale Assessments (#1)
    Formats: Online

    This year 1994 report provides background on how students with disabilities have been excluded from large scale assessments and provides recommendations for the development of guidelines and monitoring practices that promote full participation of students with disabilities in large-scale assessment programs. It recommends guidelines for policies that address inclusion, accommodations and adaptations, and monitoring of implementation of these policies.

    Published: May 1994
  • NCEO Synthesis Reports: Testing Accommodations for Students with Disabilities: A Review of the Literature (#4)
    Formats: PDF

    This report is a review of literature (1993) pertaining to testing accommodations for people with disabilities. It draws on a wide range of information, from empirical studies conducted by the Educational Testing Service (ETS) and by the American College Testing (ACT) Program, to policies for state assessment programs. Addressed in this report are policy and legal considerations, technical concerns, minimum competency and certification/licensure testing efforts, existing standards and accommodations allowed in state assessment systems.

    Published: March 1993
  • Learning Modules on English Learners (ELs) with Disabilities
    Formats: Online

    This free training helps educators look at important issues surrounding students who are ELs with disabilities. Participants follow the story of Emma, a middle school student with a learning disability, while also providing additional case studies of students with other disabilities who need accommodations to access instruction and assessments. The training especially models how educators and parents or guardians can work together to make and implement good decisions about accommodations as members of the featured student’s Individualized Education Program (IEP) team.

    Published: 2013-06-06
  • NCEO Reports: Two Pieces of a Puzzle: The 95% Participation Requirement in State Plans and States’ Opt-out Policies (#443)
    Formats: PDF, Online

    This report presents the findings of an analysis of states’ Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) Consolidated State Plans in regards to the 95% participation requirement. Since state-level assessment opt-out policies may impact participation rates, this report also provides an overview of how states’ policies addressed opt-out.

    Published: June 2024
  • What Does Meaningful Accessibility Really Mean?
    Formats: PDF

    This report contains the proceedings of a forum held on June 28, 2023 in New Orleans, Louisiana to discuss issues surrounding meaningful accessibility of assessments. The forum was a post-session to the Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO) National Conference on Student Assessment (NCSA) and was a collaboration of the Assessment, Standards, and Education for Students with Disabilities (ASES) Collaborative and the National Center on Educational Outcomes (NCEO). A specific goal of the forum was to gather representatives from state education agencies (SEAs), assessment vendors, assistive technology experts, and others to discuss the meaningful accessibility of assessments and to identify possible solutions to the challenges that students face when accessing assessments.

    Published: November 2023
  • NCEO Data Analytics: Number and Percentage of Students with Disabilities by Disability Category from 2005-06 to 2020-21 (#17)
    Formats: Online

    This interactive report presents information on the percentage of students with disabilities ages 6-17, and the percentage of these students by category for school years 2005-06 to 2020-21. Students with disabilities are students who receive special education services as indicated in an Individualized Education Program (IEP). The U.S. Department of Education receives data from states on the number of these students in each of 13 disability categories, and the number and percentage of students with disabilities varies over time, by category, and by state. The data in this report allow users to view trends over time, disability categories, and provides data by state.

    Published: April 2023
  • NCEO Reports: The Formative Assessment Practices Landscape for Students with Disabilities: An Analysis of State Definitions and Practices, 2021 (#435)
    Formats: PDF, Online

    This report outlines the approaches that state education agencies (SEAs) have taken in defining and using formative assessment practices, including practices to explicitly support students with disabilities. At the state level, there have been efforts to develop or adopt formal definitions of formative assessment practices that guide how these practices are used in instruction. Given the different approaches and definitions that might exist for formative assessment practices, this report aims to describe how states are communicating and supporting these practices with their districts and schools.

    Published: May 2022
  • NCEO Reports: State Approaches to Monitoring AA-AAAS Participation Decisions (#432)
    Formats: PDF, Online

    This report presents the findings of a survey of states that examined the policies, practices, and procedures State Education Agencies (SEAs) used to monitor IEPs for participation decision making in alternate assessments based on alternate academic achievement standards (AA-AAAS). It is imperative that only students with the most significant cognitive disabilities participate in the AA-AAAS because it has short- and long-term implications. The instruction of students taking the AA-AAAS may be reduced in depth, breadth, or complexity, and this may have implications for graduation as well as reduce post-secondary options.

    Published: April 2022
  • NCEO Brief: Understanding the Characteristics of English Learners with Disabilities to Meet Their Needs During State and Districtwide Assessments (#24)
    Formats: PDF, Online

    The purpose of this Brief is to highlight available federal data about the characteristics of English learners with disabilities, including how the population has changed over time. Understanding the characteristics of English learners with disabilities is critical to ensuring that their needs are met appropriately during the assessment process. Three characteristics are highlighted: (a) percentage of all students with disabilities identified as English learners, (b) disability categories of English learners with disabilities, and (c) classroom placements of English learners with disabilities. The implications of these characteristics for assessment are discussed in this Brief.

    Published: 10/26/2021
  • NCEO APR Snapshot Briefs: 2017-2018 APR Snapshot #24: AA-AAAS Participation and Performance (#24)
    Formats: Online

    An Alternate Assessment based on Alternate Academic Achievement Standards (AA-AAAS) has been developed by each state to measure the academic achievement of students with significant cognitive disabilities. This report summarizes AA-AAAS data used for Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) accountability. Using federally submitted data for the 2017-2018 school year, we present information on the number of students participating in the AA-AAAS and the performance of those students.

    Published: January 2021